Daily Chronicle | Music, movie industry to warn copyright infringers

WASHINGTON ? Internet users who illegally share music, movies or TV shows online may soon get warning notices from their service providers that they are violating copyright law. Ignore the notices, and violators could face an Internet slow-down for 48 hours. Those who claim they?re innocent can protest ? for a fee.

For the first time since a spate of aggressive and unpopular lawsuits almost a decade ago, the music and movie industries are going after Internet users they accuse of swapping copyrighted files online. But unlike the lawsuits from the mid-2000s ? which swept up everyone from young kids to the elderly with sometimes ruinous financial penalties and court costs ? the latest effort is aimed at educating casual Internet pirates and convincing them to stop. There are multiple chances to make amends and no immediate legal consequences under the program if they don?t.

?There?s a bunch of questions that need to be answered because there are ways that this could end up causing problems for Internet users,? such as the bureaucratic headache of being falsely accused, said David Sohn, general counsel for the Center for Democracy and Technology, a Washington-based civil liberties group. But he added: ?There?s also the potential for this to have an impact in reducing piracy in ways that don?t carry a lot of collateral damage.?

The Copyright Alert System was put into effect this week by the nation?s five biggest Internet service providers ? Verizon, AT&T, Time Warner Cable, Comcast and Cablevision ? and the two major associations representing industry ? the Motion Picture Association of America and the Recording Industry Association of America.

Under the new program, the industry will monitor ?peer-to-peer? software services for evidence of copyrighted files being shared. Each complaint will prompt a customer?s Internet provider to notify the customer that their Internet address has been detected sharing files illegally. Depending on the service provider, the first couple of alerts will likely be an email warning. Subsequent alerts might require a person to acknowledge receipt or review educational materials. If a final warning is ignored, a person could be subject to speed-throttling for 48 hours or another similar ?mitigation measure.?

After five or six ?strikes,? however, the person won?t face any repercussions under the program and is likely to be ignored. It?s unclear whether such repeat offenders would be more likely at that point to face an expensive lawsuit. While proponents say it?s not the intention of the program, it?s possible the alert system will be used to initiate lawsuits.

The number of Internet users subject to the new system is a sizable chunk of the U.S. population. Verizon and AT&T alone supply more than 23 million customers.

For the recording industry, which blames online piracy for contributing to a dramatic drop in profits and sales during the past decade, the new alert system is a better alternative than lawsuits. In December 2008, the Recording Industry Association of America announced it had discontinued that practice ? which had been deeply unpopular with the American public ? and would begin working with the Internet providers on the alert system instead.

?We think there is a positive impact of (alert) programs like this, and that they can put money in the pocket of artists and labels,? said Jonathan Lamy, a spokesman for the trade group.

The Motion Picture Association of America estimates some 29 million people have downloaded or watched unauthorized movies or TV shows online, mostly using technology such as BitTorrent, a popular peer-to-peer protocol. Like its counterparts in the music industry, the MPAA says it believes people will stop when they understand it?s illegal and are redirected to legal ways of paying for downloads.

The alert system ?will help ensure an Internet that works for everyone by alerting families of illegal activity that has occurred over peer-to-peer networks using their Internet accounts and educate them on how they can prevent such activity from happening again,? Michael O?Leary, an executive for the MPAA, said in a statement Tuesday.

A primary question is whether the system will generate a significant number of ?false positives,? or cases in which people are accused of sharing illegal content but aren?t. One scenario is if a person doesn?t encrypt their wireless connection, leaving it open to a neighbor or malicious hacker that swaps illegal files. Another example might be if a person uploads a ?mashup? of songs or brief scenes from a movie ? content that wouldn?t necessarily violate the law but could get flagged by the system.

The Center for Copyright Information, which created the alert system, is responsible for producing the methods that companies will be allowed to use to catch pirates, but it said Tuesday it won?t release those details publicly. It said the system will rely on humans to review the entire content of every file to make sure it qualifies as material protected under copyright laws.

?This is an imperfect science,? said Yoshi Kohno, an associate professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Washington. ?The likelihood of a false positive depends on the diligence of the party doing the investigation.?

Bartees Cox, a spokesman for the consumer watchdog group Public Knowledge, says it will watching to ensure the program doesn?t evolve into imposing harsher punishments by Internet providers, such as terminating a person?s Internet access altogether if they are accused of being a prolific violator.

If a person believes they?ve been wrongly accused, they will have multiple chances to delete the material and move on without any repercussion. If the problem is chronic, they can pay $35 to appeal ? a charge intended to deter frivolous appeals but also one that can be waived. The center says it won?t require proof that a person is financially strapped.

The center?s director, Jill Lesser, said the goal is to educate the average Internet user, rather than punish them, and no one will see their Internet access cut off.

?This is the first time the focus has been on education and awareness and redirection to legal and authorized services and not on punitive measures or a carrot-and-stick approach,? she said.

Sohn said the effort will be a significant test whether voluntary measures can reduce copyright infringement.

?The long-term challenge here is getting users to change their attitudes and behaviors and views toward copyright infringement, because the technology that enables infringement ? computers, digital technology and the Internet ? that stuff isn?t going away,? he said.

Online:

http://www.copyrightinformation.org/the-copyright-alert-system

There are 27 hours, 30 minutes remaining to comment on this story.

Source: http://www.daily-chronicle.com/2013/02/27/music-movie-industry-to-warn-copyright-infringers/acexw0m/

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Mass. boy, trying to avoid bedtime, calls 911

BROCKTON, Mass. (AP) ? Police in Massachusetts say a 10-year-old boy called 911 because he didn't want to go to bed.

Brockton police say the boy called 911 just after 8 p.m. Wednesday and told the dispatcher he was calling to report his mother because he did not want to go to bed.

There was no emergency.

The Enterprise (http://bit.ly/YoKmJZ ) reports that according to the police log, an officer went to the boy's home and explained to him when it was appropriate to call 911.

No charges were issued.

___

Information from: The (Brockton, Mass.) Enterprise, http://www.enterprisenews.com

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/aa9398e6757a46fa93ed5dea7bd3729e/Article_2013-02-21-Bedtime-911%20Call/id-f90e9cebbe484b848be952ed6e0df106

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Self Improvement Tips That Will Improve Your Life | ABC Article ...

Pinpoint exactly what is blocking your progress. This is a difficult task for many people. To be successful at personal development, start by pinpointing any areas of weakness and target these areas for improvement. When you are able to get rid of obstacles, then your path to a successful future becomes easier to navigate.

A healthy and positive attitude is the foundation of personal growth. Bad attitudes usually lead you to some place you would rather not be and nearly always impede progress. Staying positive and acting with a good attitude can help you attain your goals.

The condition in which you keep your body can significantly impact your mental state. Exercise regularly and eat a nutritious diet. Your mind and body must both be healthy to feel your best.

It helps to see your good points in writing. On an index card or postcard, write down all the things that are good about you. Put this list up on a wall, or carry it with you. Even better, you should videotape yourself, reading the list into the camera and watch this video frequently. What's the point?

Each day should be an opportunity to top the previous day's accomplishments. Try to improve yourself constantly. Tell yourself that you will at least improve on one thing that day compared to how it was previously done.

Challenge yourself to grow daily. Aim for frequent and continuous improvement. Whatever you did yesterday, do it that much better today.

Decide what you want and take actions toward this goal. Pondering an ideal life without taking the action to make it a reality will inevitably lead to nothing. Take action with the goal of realizing your dreams.

Don't overexert yourself physically when you are trying to achieve your goal. While no one can argue the importance of giving 100 percent, you must nonetheless take care of yourself. Your health and your body are the most important things, so always take care of them when you are pursuing a goal. You will never improve yourself if you neglect your body in the pursuit of personal development.

You should always treat others with respect, regardless of their relationship to you or your goals. The way you deal with people speaks volumes about your character.

When you feel anger start to boil over, stop before you react and count to ten. Think of something that is calming and take a breath. Relax and stay calm, then decide exactly what you want to say.

Everyone screws up sometime and does something they should not. Just like eating too much cake can negativity affect your health, stress can also have severe detrimental affects on your body's health. Therefore, it is important not to let insignificant things stress you out.

Take advantage of the time you spend working, and get as much finished as possible. Some say there is a trick that involves taking frequent breaks throughout the work day. It may seem counterintuitive, but you can actually increase your productivity by taking frequent breaks. That way, you will be refreshed when you return to work and motivated to produce at a much higher level.

To develop as a human being, it is important to know what your ambitions and goals are. You can plan more effectively and enjoy a more accurate perspective on personal development when you have set long-term goals.

Don't solely focus on your outside looks; have a look at the person you are within. Wearing the latest styles or looking like a movie star does not make a real difference. Who you are will always shine through, no matter what your outer wrapping looks like. Do not worry about putting effort into superficial improvements. Instead, concentrate on the person that you are inside.

The first step towards personal development is learning how to be a leader. Leadership can be defined in many ways, but most people like to define it as "influence." Examine yourself as a leader. What experiences have changed the person you are? What were the root changes that occurred? What is the key element that makes you behave as a team player? When you examine these thoughts, you will become more of a team player and leader.

One important aspect of self improvement is making the choice to lead a healthier life. When they are in good healthy they will feel great. A healthy lifestyle can increase your general health so that you save time and the expense of frequent doctor visits. Make a concerted effort to adopt healthy practices.

Talking to a professional counselor or a pastor can be an extremely rewarding experience. They have a great deal of experience in dealing with personal thoughts and are even licensed to do so. Counselors and pastors are ready and willing to listen to you and help you work on your problems. Taking the time to speak to a professional will help you to be a healthier and happier person.

Personal development starts with leadership. The key to being a leader is influence, according to most people. Examine your own past for the things that have affected your leadership potential. Which events have had the most impact on your life? What were the root changes that occurred? Evaluate attributes that you possess which contribute to your role as a team player. By knowing yourself and your motives better, you can more easily integrate into a leadership role with others.

It is easy to see that it takes some effort and a bit of research to begin making positive changes that will support ongoing growth in your life. You must also show a dedication and perseverance if you want to gain the maximum benefits from your efforts. The tips from above can help you to improve yourself and achieve greater satisfaction in your life.

Article Source: http://www.abcarticledirectory.com

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China says probing Japan complaint about radar lock-on

BEIJING (Reuters) - China's Foreign Ministry said on Thursday the government was investigating a complaint from Japan that a Chinese navy vessel aimed a type of radar normally used to aim weapons at a target at a Japanese navy ship in the East China Sea.

"The relevant Chinese departments are currently conducting an earnest, solemn investigation into these reports to verify them," ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying told a daily news briefing.

The Chinese Defence Ministry has yet to comment on Japan's complaint.

Japanese Defence Minister Itsunori Onodera said this week that the incident, which he said occurred on January 30 but took time to confirm, could have become very dangerous very quickly.

Hua said that it was actually Japan that was provoking tension over a group of disputed, uninhabited islands, called Diaoyu by China and Senkaku by Japan and which are also claimed by Taiwan.

"The problem at present is not China showing strength, but Japan continuously sending its ships and aircraft into the waters and airspace around the Diaoyu Islands to carry out illegal activities, damaging and infringing upon China territorial sovereignty," she said.

"Recently, Japan has been intentionally stirring up a crisis and causing tensions, blackening China's image. This is diametrically the opposite of efforts to improve relations."

Onodera said on Thursday China's use of the radar could be seen a threat of military force under U.N. rules, but urged dialogue to prevent such incidents happening again.

The minister reiterated that there was a need to establish a communication channel to discuss maritime issues.

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe spoke in a similar vein, repeating that the incident was regrettable but stressing that maintaining dialogue with China was important.

Fears that cat-and-mouse encounters between aircraft and ships could lead to an accidental clash have given impetus to efforts to reduce the tension, including a possible summit between Abe and Chinese leader Xi Jinping, who takes over as head of state in March.

Despite the complaint over the radar, hopes have been rising for a thaw in ties between Asia's two biggest economies since relations soured significantly in September when Japan nationalized the isles.

The purchase from a private citizen was aimed at easing the long-running row but it triggered violent protests in China.

(Reporting by Ben Blanchard; Additional reporting by Antoni Slodkowski in TOKYO; Editing by Robert Birsel)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/china-says-probing-japan-complaint-radar-lock-083003549.html

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Baby Boomers' Health Worse Than Past Generations: Study

Feb 7 (Reuters) - In spite of medical advances, members of the baby boomer generation are in worse health than their parents were at the same stage of life, with obesity and lack of exercise taking a toll, according to a U.S. study.
About 13 percent of baby boomers - the generation born in the two decades after World War Two - reported being in "excellent" health in middle age, compared to 32 percent of the previous generation who said the same thing at the same stage of life, researchers reported in JAMA Internal Medicine.
"The baby boomer generation has a reputation of being active and putting off retirement... That did not seem to jibe with what we're seeing in our medical offices," said Dana King, the study's lead author, from the West Virginia University School of Medicine.
"We decided to compare them to the previous generation, who were the same exact age at the time."
King and his colleagues used data from an ongoing national health and nutrition survey to compare the answers of people who were 46 to 64 years old between 1988 and 1994, and the baby boomers who were in the same age range between 2007 and 2010.
Overall, about 39 percent of boomers were obese, compared to about 29 percent of the previous generation. Baby boomers were also less likely to get regular exercise.
About 16 percent of baby boomers had diabetes, compared to 12 percent of the previous generation. And baby boomers were more likely to have high cholesterol and high blood pressure.
King and his colleagues also found that more than twice as many baby boomers walk with a cane or walker, compared to the previous generation.
"I was surprised by the magnitude of the change. I suspected the current baby boomers would be not much healthier or maybe the same, but I didn't expect them to have such a big change in disability and obesity," King said.
But the news wasn't all bad. King and his colleagues found that boomers don't smoke as much as the previous generation, and are less likely to have the lung disease emphysema. They were also less likely to have a heart attack.
King said previous research has shown that baby boomers are known to live longer than earlier generations, but that may be a mixed blessing.
"From somewhat of a public health standpoint we've actually had a bad scenario. You live longer, but those extra years you bought - you're sick," he told Reuters Health. "That's not a good public health outcome."
While the study can't explain why baby boomers seem to be in worse shape than their predecessors, King thinks it shows they sit more and don't exercise.
"What's important for the individual reader to understand is that it's not too late to adopt new healthy lifestyle habits and make a big difference in your health," he said.
"It really needs to have a high priority in your personal life. People should just do everything they can to be active and eat health. It would make such a dramatic difference." SOURCE: http://bit.ly/XjteH9 (Reporting from New York by Andrew Seaman at Reuters Health; editing by Elaine Lies)

Earlier on Huff/Post50:

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/aging-boomers-health_n_2634065.html

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A massive stellar burst, before the supernova

Thursday, February 7, 2013

An automated supernova hunt is shedding new light on the death sequence of massive stars?specifically, the kind that self-destruct in Type IIn supernova explosions.

Digging through the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) data archive housed at the Department of Energy's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), astronomers have found the first causal evidence that these massive stars shed huge amounts of material in a "penultimate outburst" before final detonation as supernovae.

A focused search for Type IIn SN precursor bursts, conducted by Eran Ofek of Israel's Weizmann Institute and the PTF team, led to this finding. Their results were published in the February 7, 2013 issue of Nature. PTF is an international collaboration that brings together researchers, universities, observatories and Berkeley Lab to hunt for supernovae and other astronomical objects.

The Causal Link

Massive stars?somewhere between eight and 100 times the mass of our Sun?spend much of their lives fusing hydrogen (the lightest element) into increasingly heavier elements, like helium, oxygen, carbon and so on. In the end, there is almost nothing left but an iron core. Eventually, that core collapses, releasing a tremendous amount of energy as neutrinos, magnetic fields and shock waves and destroying the star in the process. From Earth, this explosive event is observed as a supernova. If astronomers detect hydrogen, the event is classified as a Type II supernova. And if the hydrogen-emission line is narrow, the event is classified as a Type IIn (for "narrow").

In the case of Type IIn events, scientists suspected that the narrow emission line occurs as light from the event passes through a thin sphere of hydrogen that was already surrounding the star before it went supernova. Some believed that the dying star might have shed this shell of material before it self-destructed, but until recently there was no evidence to link such an outburst to an actual supernova.

That's where PTF comes in. For almost four years, the PTF team has relied on a robotic telescope mounted on the Palomar Observatory's Samuel Oschin Telescope in Southern California to scan the sky nightly. As soon as observations were taken, the data traveled more than 400 miles to NERSC?via the National Science Foundation's High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network and the Department of Energy's Energy Sciences Network (ESnet)?where computers running software called the Real-Time Transient Detection Pipeline screened the data and identified events for astronomers to follow up on. NERSC also archived this data and allowed collaborators to access it over the Internet through a web-based science gateway, called DeepSky.

On August 25, 2010 the PTF pipeline detected a Type IIn supernova half a billion light years away in the constellation Hercules. Shortly after, Ofek led a search of previous PTF scans of the same stellar neighborhood?using a high-quality pipeline developed by Mark Sullivan, of the University of Southampton?and found the supernova's likely precursor, a massive variable star that had shed a huge amount of mass only 40 days before the supernova was detected. They labeled the event, SN 2010mc.

"After NERSC tools found SN 2010mc, we went back through the archives and found evidence of a previous outburst in the same location and knew that it blew some material out of the star before the final supernova," says Brad Cenko, a UC Berkeley postdoctoral researcher and co-author of the paper. "We've seen evidence of this happening before, but there have been only one or two cases where we've been able to conclusively say when the previous outburst happened."

Ofek and the PTF team developed a scenario and tested it against competing theoretical ideas, using evidence from several sky surveys that were triggered to observe SN 2010mc once it was detected by the NERSC pipeline. They concluded that the "penultimate outburst" had blown off a hundredth of a solar mass in a shell expanding 2,000 kilometers per second, already 7 billion kilometers away from the supernova when it exploded. Earlier ejecta were detected 10 billion kilometers away, having slowed to a hundred kilometers per second.

After the supernova explosion, high-velocity ejecta passing through shells of earlier debris left a record of varying brightness and spectral features. The observations pointed to the most likely theoretical model of what happened: turbulence-excited gravity waves drove successive episodes of mass loss, finally culminating in the collapse and explosion of the core. Because the stellar outburst occurred very shortly before the supernova, the astronomers suspected that the events were causally linked. Cenko notes that this could have important implications for what processes trigger a supernova.

"I think it is a very interesting object we found, and the way we do our survey and the search at NERSC made it something we were in the unique position to find," says Peter Nugent, a Berkeley Lab senior staff scientist and member of the PTF collaboration.

The Future

Once the team found SN 2010mc's precursor, the team used Sullivan's pipeline to sift through stellar neighborhoods in the PTF archival data where other Type IIn supernovae had previously been detected. According to Nugent, this exercise helped the team identify several other similar cases.

"Although the PTF project is no longer collecting data every night, we are still relying on NERSC resources to sift through our archival data," says Nugent. "This recent discovery shows us that there is still a lot that we can learn from the archival data at NERSC, and gives us some insights into how we may design future experiments to further investigate these events."

###

DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: http://www.lbl.gov

Thanks to DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126678/A_massive_stellar_burst__before_the_supernova

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Pirate-like flies connect symbiosis to diversity

Feb. 6, 2013 ? After a year of studying up close the symbiotic relationship between a mosquito-sized bug and a fungus, a Simon Fraser University biologist has advanced the scientific understanding of biological diversity.

Jeffrey Joy has discovered that symbiosis -- a relationship between two or more organisms that can be parasitic or mutualistic -- is as much the mother of biological diversity as predation and competition.

The Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B has just published the post-doctoral researcher's findings online. They advance Joy's previous doctoral work under SFU biologist Bernard Crespi that led to a paper, in the same journal, about the remarkable diversity of plant feeding insects.

Joy's latest paper is "Symbiosis catalyzes niche expansion and diversification."

After comparing the niche and species diversification of two categories of gall-inducing flies, Joy has concluded that prolific diversity can be a hallmark of symbiotic relationships. No bigger than a speck of dust on your fingertip, these flies (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are ubiquitous worldwide, with more than 6100 species.

Joy found one group (617 families) of these flies was in a symbiotic relationship with a fungus called Botryosphaeria. Another, much larger control group (2809 families) had no such relationship with the fungus.

Scientists are not yet certain how the fly and fungus came together in the first place. But Joy has discovered that their relationship has evolved at least four different times, since the two first saw symbiosis -- as opposed to love -- at first sight.

Flies involved with the fungi have developed the ability to pick up the fungi, store them in biological pockets and deposit them on plants. There, the flies use the fungi to turn plant tissue into food inside a gall, a tumour-like structure that the flies cause on the plant.

"The flies are like pirates," explains Joy. "They use the fungi as boats to float across a genomic sea and board a plant that is genetically far removed from what they would otherwise be able to feed on."

The fungus, which is a broad-feeding plant pathogen, allows the flies to feed on a greater variety of plants compared to their non-symbiotic brethren.

"Symbiotic lineages of these flies have undergone a more than seven-fold expansion in the range of plants they can feed on relative to the lineages without such fungal symbionts. Also, one genus of gall-inducing flies utilizing fungal symbionts is 50 per cent more diverse than its brethren without the symbiotic relationship."

Joy is as excited about discovering how symbiosis between flies and fungi advances evolutionary theories as he is about discovering the relationship itself.

"The goal of this work was to test predictions of evolutionary theories of diversification and symbiosis," explains Joy. "The theory I observed in action is that the evolution of symbiosis catalyzes niche expansion -- an organism's use of more resources -- and diversification -- increased species in lineages.

"These findings expand our understanding of how biological diversity is generated and how processes, such as symbiosis, lead to some remarkable examples of biology, such as the symbiotic mutualism between clownfish and sea anemone."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Simon Fraser University.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. J. B. Joy. Symbiosis catalyses niche expansion and diversification. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2013; 280 (1756): 20122820 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2820

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/strange_science/~3/5ggA8_OwCt4/130206094712.htm

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